Puppies! Few things cause more excitement in a household. But a healthy litter starts long before mating day. Whether you're an experienced breeder or thinking about one litter from your family pet, we're here to help you plan it properly, from first check-up to first wobbly steps.
The 30-second version
- Book a pre-breeding health check for your dog well before her season.
- Health testing helps avoid passing on inherited problems.
- Timing tests can help pinpoint the best days to mate.
- Pregnancy can be confirmed with a scan.
- Plan the birth early, especially for breeds that may need a caesarean.
Should I breed from my dog?
It's a big decision, and it's worth asking honestly. Breeding is a commitment of time, money and energy, and there can be risks to mum. Before you go ahead, think about:
- Is she healthy, fit and a good weight, with a lovely temperament?
- Has she (and the stud) had the recommended health tests for the breed?
- Can you cover the costs, including an emergency caesarean if needed?
- Do you have time to care for a litter for at least eight weeks, and good homes lined up?
Did you know? Dogs don't need to have a litter to be happy or 'complete'. It's a common myth! If you're not planning to breed, talk to us about neutering and its pros and cons for your dog.
How we can help
Pre-breeding health checks. A full examination of the bitch and the stud dog, checking general health, weight, vaccinations, parasite control and anything that could affect breeding or pregnancy.
Health testing advice. Many breeds have recommended health tests or screening schemes. We'll help you understand what applies to your breed, including breathing assessments for flat-faced breeds.
Mating timing. Every bitch is different, and the 'day 12' rule of thumb is often wrong. Blood progesterone tests, sometimes alongside other checks, help us track her cycle and pinpoint the most fertile window. It's especially useful for bitches that have missed before, or where the stud lives far away.
Pregnancy diagnosis. An ultrasound scan can usually confirm pregnancy from around four weeks after mating. Later in pregnancy, an X-ray can help estimate how many puppies to expect, which is handy to know on the big day.
Pregnancy care. Advice on feeding, worming, exercise and what to expect week by week. Pregnancy in dogs lasts around 63 days.
Birth planning. We'll talk through the signs of labour, what's normal and when to call us. For breeds with a higher risk of birth problems, we can discuss a planned caesarean. Read more in our C-section guide.
Fertility problems
If your bitch has missed, had irregular seasons or small litters, or your stud dog isn't producing pregnancies, book a consultation. We can look for underlying causes and talk through next steps.
Call us urgently if a pregnant or nursing dog: Has green or black discharge with no puppy, is straining hard with no puppy, seems very unwell, is trembling or twitching, or has hot, red, painful mammary glands. We're open 24 hours a day, every day, on 01843 808344.
The rules
If you're registering puppies with the Kennel Club, there are rules about age, the number of litters and caesareans. In England, you also need a licence from your local council if you breed three or more litters in 12 months, or breed and sell puppies as a business. We'd always recommend checking the latest guidance before you breed.
Your questions answered
How soon after mating can you confirm pregnancy?
An ultrasound scan is usually reliable from around four weeks after mating. We'll advise on the best time for your dog.
When is the best day to mate my bitch?
It varies more than people think. Progesterone testing helps us find her most fertile days rather than relying on guesswork.
Do you offer breeding support for cats?
Yes, we're happy to advise on pre-breeding checks and pregnancy care for cats too. Just give us a call.
Planning a litter? Book a pre-breeding check and let's give those future puppies the best possible start.
General information only. This article is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, examination, diagnosis or treatment, and every animal is different. If you think your pet needs urgent attention, call us immediately on 01843 808344. Services and techniques described are subject to your vet's clinical judgement. Information correct at the time of publication (October 2026).